-- Representation of XML documents:
data XmlExp = XText String
            | XElem String [(String,String)] [XmlExp]

-- Use abbreviations:
xtxt :: String -> XmlExp
xtxt s = XText s

xml :: String -> [XmlExp] -> XmlExp
xml tag xes = XElem tag [] xes


-- XML documents from the `contacts` example:
entry1 :: XmlExp
entry1 = xml "entry"
             [xml "name" [xtxt "Hanus"],
              xml "first" [xtxt "Michael"],
              xml "phone" [xtxt "+49-431-8807271"],
              xml "email" [xtxt "mh@informatik.uni-kiel.de"],
              xml "email" [xtxt "hanus@email.uni-kiel.de"]
             ]

entry2 :: XmlExp
entry2 =
  xml "entry"
    [xml "name"     [xtxt "Smith"],
     xml "first"    [xtxt "William"],
     xml "nickname" [xtxt "Bill"],
     xml "phone"    [xtxt "1-987-742-9388"]
    ]